The Final Project Being Black Essay - 1674 Words

The Final Project: Being Black in America Alethea F. Brock Thomas Edison State College Abstract The course of African American’s history has been tumultuous over the last 400 years. America has become more diverse and while black Americans are still a minority, they are no longer the largest minority. This population shift has brought its own myriad of obstacles and while a minority, African Americans have had a much different path than immigrants that came later from South and Central America, Africa and Eastern Europe. Keywords: Race realism, diversity, assimilation, multiculturalism, pluralism, separatist pluralism, ethnocentrism, racism, racial profiling, hate groups, hate crime Being Black in America A culture’s rules of conduct are considered the norm and in the United States the accepted norm is white. â€Å"Through norms, in-group members know how to react toward the acts of outgroup members that surprise, shock, or annoy them or in any way go against the shared expectations. Anything contrary to this â€Å"normal† state is seen as negative or deviant. When minorities â€Å"act uppity† or â€Å"don’t know their place†, the majority view this as a violation and can have strong reactions because they appear to threaten the social fabric of a community† (Parillo, 2014, p. 27). Native-born African Americans have always been assimilated more than any immigrant group to include Africans and some sociologists argue they share few experiences. Race realism isShow MoreRelatedResearch Experience For High School Students : A Retrospective Analysis1569 Words   |  7 Pagesat Historically Black Colleges and Universities Angel Lyles-Grayer Klein Oak High School Houston, TX Mentor: Rochelle L. Williams, Ph.D. Office of Academic Affairs Research Experience for High School Students (REH) Program Prairie View AM University Summer 2017 ________________________________ Angel Lyles-Grayer ________________________________ Rochelle L. 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Diet And Nutrition Plans 4 Dangerous Mistakes You Don t...

Diet and Nutrition Plans: 4 Dangerous Mistakes You Don t Even Know Your Making By Nic Carlson | Submitted On December 15, 2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Have you ever tried to lose weight or burn fat, put all the necessary work in, stuck to the plan, and still didn t see the promised results? Well, don t worry because you re NOT alone and 99% of the time it s not your fault. Most people who get on board with diet and nutrition†¦show more content†¦Our culture has glorified the idea of all nighters and running on fumes but we negligently look over their consequences. When you re running low on rest and racking up that sleep debt, you re triggering your metabolism to slow down and creating a hormonal imbalance that will urge you to eat more. Solution: Make Sleep a Priority We need to make sure we re getting a minimum of seven and a half hours of sleep a night, if you re not, adjust your schedule till you do. To make sure your sleep is effective:  · Set a bedtime and stick to it  · Make sure your room is as dark as possible  · Set the temp to 65 degrees  · Lock your doors and windows  · Cycle out clean sheets every three days  · Avoid caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime And most importantly create a calming before-bed routine that is entirely your own. Mistake #2: Eliminating Entire Categories of Macros From Your Diet A lot of the popular trend diet and nutrition programs boast about severely limiting entire categories of macronutrients if not completely eliminating them. If you don t know, your body relies on macronutrients (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) for energy and they re imperative to growth, brain function, metabolism, and a number of other body functions. When you remove them from your diet your denying your body the nutrients it needs to survive and the repercussions can be sickening, you re likely to experience:  · Serious vitamin

Starbucks Marketing. Free Essays

Coffee houses In the urban area were very popular. The entry strategies for Shattuck across USA and Turkey that might account for the there success was major the Cataracts experience. The experience consist of highest quality coffee from control over the quality and processing of the beans, outstanding people that were recruited and trained on knowledge of coffee along with costumer service and the design of the stores to create a cozy atmosphere with help of there sanctuary Like ambiance with Its aroma, lighting, music and dcord. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Marketing. or any similar topic only for you Order Now This basically, attracted people to socialize at Cataracts coffeehouse. ) The Core benefit from Cataracts Turkey is the deferent variety of the Coffee they serve. Actual benefits are the excellent customer service from high trained on the knowledge of coffee along with perfect cozy environment experience. Augmented benefit Is the Turkish coffee that they offer In Turkey. 3) Cataracts uses hybrid-marketing strategy in Turkey. I can claim this confidentially because along with more that 30 varieties of drinks, including espresso based coffee drinks, teas, iced coffees, made from up to 1 5 types of coffee beans, food Items, and merchandise goods, they also offered Turkish Coffee on their menu in Turkey, which Is part there heritage. 4) Market Penetration strategy: To grow the current products In Turkey, Cataracts can do the following: C] ; Encourage current customers to buy more by providing a stamp system where customer will get 1 cup coffee drink free after every 5 cups. ; Attract competitor’s customers: By providing half price offers on selected drinks. C] ; Get non-coffee drinkers to start coming by providing other local coffee substitute which will give hem opportunity to expose them to there core products. Market-Development Strategy: To launch Shattuck in new rural areas, there are three approaches that can be taken: 0 ; Perform advertisement before opening a new store to built anticipation In the surrounding people ; Prove TLS Diverge Tree at ten new location Tort a couple of days to built potential customers ; Check demographic of the location and dcord the shop accordingly to attract customer by their interests. Product-Development Strategy: If a new product is launched in the current arrest follow strategies can be approached: ; The beverage should be made according to taste of the customers ; Shattuck also introduce some local products, which are preferred with coffee by the common local community like Huzzah ; Provide free Internet in their cafà ©s to attract professional and the student coward. Diversification: If they want to launch a new product for the new market, it’s always good to keep following items in mind: ; That product should be exclusive for the locations community, which means that it should be according to their taste. Advertise the new product on large scale to make sure that community is aware of it. According to my understanding of the case, Shattuck has accomplished to penetrate the Turkish market in urban areas but there still growth potential, whereas expanding in the rural areas shouldn’t be difficult task if they reduce there prices to some extend an d follow some of the strategies mentioned above. 5) My recommendation for Cataracts Turkey to improve sales growth by little more localization while keeping hybrid strategy intact. They should introduce some more coal food items with coffee. Some of their local sweets and Hausa, which also is a long lasting heritage of Turkey and the rest of the Arab community. Like Turkish coffee is an opportunity to socialize similar smoking Hausa with friends is also very common activity in Turkish get together. This is will bring more customers to the coffee house to hang out and by multiple cups of coffee in a single visit. Also reduce price to some extend to make it affordable to a larger variety of coward as Turkey has a very uneven income distribution. How to cite Starbucks Marketing., Essays

Significance of Logistic Optimization

Question: Explain Significance of Logistic Optimization in Minimizing Operational Costs and Improving Organizational Profitability: NZ Express Transport. Answer: Introduction One of the biggest problems that NZ Express Transport dealing with empty containers. Repositioning of empty container costs the company as much as as moving a full load container. This is critical issue for transport and logistics companies as for moving empty trucks would not make any money on shipping. The industry has to spend on an average $16 billion per year. This translates to 15 % of all the operational costs related to container assets. Additionally, the longer the truck has to wait to be filled, the higher is the cost of maintaining and repositioning (Dekker et al., 2013). The purpose of this study, therefore, is to access the impact of logistic optimization on increasing organizational efficiency and profitability. Background of the research and scope of study NZ Express Transport is locally owned business firm that provides Road Transport, Warehousing, International Forwarding and Container Services. The transportation industry is a highly competitive industry and in order to run a profitably sustainable business NZ Express Transport has to devise strategies to decrease operational cost without affecting the business and increase profit margins. Other strategy that can be implemented by logistic company is Logistics Optimization that aims to reduce operational costs and achieving high delivery standards. Logistic optimization provides great opportunity for NZ Express Transport to attain significant reduction in the operational cost. With the effective implementation of logistics operations optimization NZ Express can save up to 10% to 40% on operational costs by improving decision such as the optimal selection of inventory placement and transportation modes (Simchi et al., 2013). Research aim The key aim of this research is to analyze the effect of logistic optimization on operating cost and profitability of NZ Express Transport. This research also intends to improve the efficiency and profitability of the company by means of devising mechanisms to reduce operational costs. One of the strategies under logistic optimization is to formulate and implement vehicle routing plan in order to minimize transportation costs and to minimize inventory carrying cost at the warehouses. Other strategy can be to convert all Less than Truck Loads (LTL) into Full Truck Loads (FTL). In addition, it is important to develop a plan to minimize instances of moving empty truck (containers) form one place to another (Robson McCartan, 2016). Research objectives To investigate the role of operating costs on companys profitability To understand the effect of logistic optimization on reducing operational costs Research questions How operating cost affects the financial position of NZ Express Transport? What logistic optimization strategies can be implemented to reduce operating costs? What is the relation between operating cost of the company and its operational efficiency and profitability? Structure of the research paper The research paper consists of five chapters. The chapter one is the research paper would be the research proposal that is discussed in this paper, the background of the research topic organization, research aims and research questions is discussed. The second chapter would be the literature review of the topic. It will describe important concepts and theories of the selected topic area as well as conceptual framework of the selected research topics. The third chapter would describe the research methodology and data collection methods. The fourth chapter of the research paper would discuss data analysis and findings of the study. The final chapter would be the concluding parts of the study. How research objectives are linked with the research findings are discussed. In addition, limitations of the study and future scope of the study is discussed (Flick, 2015). Literature review and conceptual framework This chapter consists of critical review of the research proposal topic and factors affecting the research topic are underlined. For this study, the impact of operational cost on the organizational efficiency and profitability of NZ Express Transport has been discussed (Caunhye et al., 2012). Conceptual framework (Source: as created by author) Research methodology Outline of the research methodology Research methodology provides a basic framework for the research study and acts as a guiding force for the research activities. It comprises of research approach, research design and data collection methods. It enables the researcher to reach a firm conclusion and fulfill the research objectives. For this study the research methodology has been develop on the components influencing operational costs and profitability of the NZ Express Transport. The study aims at finding the implications of the of operational cost on the profitability of NZ Express Transport, deductive methodology and descriptive research design is used. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection are used. Non-probabilistic sampling methods are used for collecting primary data (Panneerselvam, 2014). Research approach Two of the most common research approaches are deductive and inductive research designs. For this study deductive research design is used. Deductive research aims at selecting the relevant theories, hypothesis testing and data analysis to achieve firm conclusion. The deductive research approach would help in developing mechanisms to reduce operational costs in the selected logistic organization and studying the effect of operation cost on the organizations profitability (Neuman Robson, 2012). Research design Research design assists in the interpretation of findings of data analysis. The three basic research design used are exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. For this research study descriptive research design is used. Descriptive research design helps in establishing the relation between research objectives and research findings (Yin, 2013). Data collection methods For this research study both primary and secondary data would be collected. With the help of primary and secondary the research objective can be achieved and validity of the research can be established. The purpose of this research is to access the relation between operating costs and the profitability if NZ Express Transport, therefore, relevant primary data needs to be collected from the company employees and the management. For secondary data collection review of previous researchers work is analyzed (Numbers Time, 2012). Research method For this research both qualitative and quantitative research method is employed. Quantitative analysis would be conducted by collecting large number of data from the respondents through the survey questionnaire. On the other hand qualitative research design aims improving the quality of product and services. It is important to keep the operational cost to a minimum level and develop strategies to minimize the lead time and also to avoid the situations of moving empty containers. Therefore, observation and study of competitors strategy can provide solutions to these problems. Hence, both qualitative and quantitative research is found suitable for this study. Research timeline The total time that would be required to successfully complete the research is depicted with the help of Gantt chart (Baker Trietsch, 2013). Research tasks 30.05.16 06.06. 16 07.06.16 13.06.16 14.06.16 21.06.16 22.06.16 29.06.16 30.06.16 06.07.16 07.07.16 - 15.07.16 16.07.16 25.07.16 Selection of research topic and analysis of scope of study Deciding secondary data sources Literature Review Research Methodology formulation Devising survey questions Primary data collection Analysis of data Findings Conclusion and recommendation Final report submission (Source: as created by author) References Baker, K. R., Trietsch, D. (2013). Principles of sequencing and scheduling. John Wiley Sons. Caunhye, A. M., Nie, X., Pokharel, S. (2012). Optimization models in emergency logistics: A literature review. Socio-economic planning sciences, 46(1), 4-13. Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K., van Wassenhove, L. N. (Eds.). (2013). Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains. Springer Science Business Media. Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Neuman, W. L., Robson, K. (2012). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Numbers, C., Time, C. (2012). Data Collection Methods. Review of Sociology, 17, 225-249. Panneerselvam, R. (2014). Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Robson, C., McCartan, K. (2016). Real world research. Wiley. Simchi-Levi, D., Chen, X., Bramel, J. (2013). The logic of logistics: theory, algorithms, and applications for logistics management. Springer Science Business Media. Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.

Ibsen Analysis Of A Dolls House Essays - Ibsen Family,

Ibsen: Analysis Of A Doll's House To view a work of art separately from it's environment, ignoring the context, will often undermine important aspects of the work. However, embracing the context will allow one to appreciate the full scope and depth of the piece. In order to fully absorb and understand it, one must consider factors in the artist's life and surroundings, i.e. the context. Henrik Ibsen created A Doll's House between 1878 and 1880. Like any significant work of art the context not only influenced the play, but were essential parts of it. Norway, in the early 19th century, was united with Sweden, who maintained seniority in the relationship. Norway's crown was based in Sweden, and most Norwegians felt thier freedom was restricted. The linguistic difference that existed prohibited any cultural merging. A good example being the relationship between Denmark and Norway, the latter being a colony of Denmark's until 1814. During the Danish rule of Norway, there was a cultural synthesis involving literature. This influence was still prominant during Ibsen's time and throughout his work. During the early part of the 19th century a patriotic movement materialized, mainly sparked by a student named Henrik Wergeland. He studied and popularized neglected folklore and other forgotten art and renewed confidence and pride in the otherwise disappearing Norwegian artists. Wergeland and other patriots, including Ibsen had their opposition. The Party of Intelligence felt that Norway could only be redeemed by staying involved in the Euro- stream, while the patriots preached isolationism and felt that Norway could only find new strength from within itself. The Party considered the patriots crude and violent, while the patriots saw in the Party the future of the establishment they were currently trying to derail. Nasjonalromantikken, or national romaticism, became a widely popular idea, in part because of Wergeland's writings. This movement centered around a restored appreciation for Norway's non- materia l resources, including the painters, musicians and folklorists. Asbjornsen and Moe researched, rewrote, and published collections of Norwegian folktales and restoration was begun on the Trondheim Cathedral, a very important piece of national pride. There was much debate regarding language when new Norwegian dialects were created while the most commonly spoken language, Landsmaal, was not yet accepted as a written language. This caused many problems for the writers, as they spoke one language, but were forced to write in another. Aasmund Vinje, a schoolmaster and writer, created a written lanuage based on Landsmaal and helped advance towards a solution. Ibsen, like most writers, though, continued to work using the Dano - Norsk dialect, (Danish influenced Norwegian) called riksmaal, and spoke out against Landsmaal. A Euro- romantic movement around the middle of the century produced many Norwegian artists including Andreas Munch, Bjornstjerne Bjornson, and Vinje. Wergeland's sister, Fr u Collett, published The Sheriff's Daughters in 1855 and it was considered the first Norwegian novel of any stature. Danish writers continued to exert their influence when Hans Christain Anderson and Ingemann became popular and many Norsk writers looked to them for ideas and techniques. During the 1870s, a Realist movement hit Norway and changed the writing of Ibsen, Bjornson, and the ?Father of the Norwegian Novel,' Kielland. During this time, prose drama and fiction dominated this Norsk, artistic rennaisance, while poetry had little or no place in it. Some saw poetry becoming popular around 1890, but this was more of a prose poetry, or prose that invoved the evocation of moods. Henrik Ibsen was born on March 28, 1828 in the small, southern town of Skien. When he was young, Henrik's father went bankrupt, which was considered very disgraceful at the time. This affected young Ibsen greatly and he used it to allegorize in The Wild Duck. Henrik attained an apprenticeship for a pharmaci st, but despised the job and moved to Christiana, where he intended to attend school. Instead, he became the house poet and eventually stage manager at the Norske Theatre in Bergen. He then went back to Christiana where he directed at the Mollergate Theatre until 1862. During this time he married Susannah Thoreson and wrote The Vikings in Helgeland, which popularized him as a writer in Norway. In 1864 he applied for a poet's pension from the government but

Understanding Citizen Journalism

Understanding Citizen Journalism Citizen journalism involves private individuals, who are normally the consumers of journalism, generating their own news content. Citizens collect, report, analyze, and disseminate news and information, just as professional journalists would, creating what is known as user-generated content. These amateur journalists produce news in many forms, ranging from a podcast editorial to a report about a city council meeting on a blog, and is usually digital in nature. It can also include text, pictures, audio, and video. Social media plays a major role in disseminating news and promoting citizen journalism content. Since the general public has 24/7 access to technology, citizens are often the first on-scene for breaking news, getting these stories out more quickly than traditional media reporters. However, unlike professional journalists, citizen journalists may not have conducted the same background research and source verification, which can make these leads less reliable. Collaborations vs. Independent Reporting Citizens are able to contribute content, in one form or another, to existing professional news sites. This collaboration can be seen through readers posting their comments alongside stories written by professional reporters, like a 21st-century version of a letter to the editor. To prevent obscene or objectionable messages, many websites require readers to register in order to post. Readers are also adding their information to articles written by professional journalists. For instance, a reporter may do an article about disparities in gas prices around town. When the story appears online, readers can post information about gas prices in areas not covered in the original story and even offer tips on where to buy cheaper gas. This collaboration allows both citizen and professional journalists to craft a story together. Reporters might even ask readers with expertise in particular areas to send them information on that topic or even do some of their own reporting. That information is then incorporated into the final story. Some amateur journalists operate fully independent of traditional, professional news outlets. This can include blogs in which individuals can report on events in their communities or offer commentary on the issues of the day, YouTube channels where citizens give their own news reports and commentaries, and even unofficial print publications. Revolutionizing News Citizen journalism was once hailed as a revolution that would make news-gathering a more democratic process - one that would no longer solely be the province of professional reporters. It has had a significant impact on todays news, with many believing that citizen journalism is a threat to professional and traditional journalism. Social media has played a vital role in revolutionizing news. Many citizens are the first to report on breaking stories, with eye-witness videos, first-hand accounts, and real-time information, all using social media. Even news outlets will share breaking stories on social media before traditional means, but they have to still follow up with larger stories quickly or risk being outdated with their material in this fast-paced news environment. Social media doesnt just play a role in disseminating citizen-generated news; it also stands as a source for professional journalists to identify the stories they need to cover. A 2016 study by Cision indicated that more than 50% of professional journalists used social media to find and build stories. Despite its vast impact on our daily news, citizen journalism is not without its flaws. The biggest concern is the reliability of news, including fact-checking and the risk of incorrect information being disseminated.

The Case of the Rewired Supply Chain Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Case of the Rewired Supply Chain - Coursework Example Organization lacks a linkage between their various arms. These problems are discussed below with appropriate solutions. Problems The problems in the company can be classified in two categories i.e. strategic and operational. Both of them are discussed below: Strategic ORUN have become very independent in its local procedures. Communication is present in the plant but not in local headquarters. Due to this problem of communication, results of various transactions are not reaching to the headquarters on time. All plants are so independent that they have their own metrics and measurement systems. This is resulting in confused staffing reports. There is no agreement in the companies that which products are profitable and which are not. Company is not working on the value contribution in its products. Supply chain procedure of the company is quite traditional and long. It should revise its supply chain management system. The overall cost of the company in conducting business is high. Ther e is a lack of proper planning, organizing and forecasting. Operational Inventory management in the company from production to final delivery has become quite costly, because all operations are performed by its own departments. This involves more workers, raw material management, pay scales etc. Due to lack of proper management systems there is excess in raw materials and finished goods inventories. There is not a balance between supply and demand of products. There is a problem in its manufacturing operation systems. Contribution of suppliers is unknown by the company. There is an absence of supplier management program. This analysis shows that company is facing many issues on both strategic and operational level. It is imperative to control the present condition of the entity in order to be competitive in future. 1.2 Using the facts of the case, as well as theories and best practices that you have learned in the PROC 5820, Operations Management course, prepare a short description as to what you intend to do to address each of the 5 goals above Many methodologies can be used for operations management such as SCOR, it is a supply chain management model proposed by Supply Chain Council. Another model which is frequently used for management of operations is SCM which is proposed by global supply chain forum. These five goals of the company can be achieved by using SCM model. Supply chain management system SCM will help the company to change management functions of individuals and will help to integrate all the activities in the supply chain process. It will result in efficient communication among all departments and will reduce the excess inventory. For instance, the purchasing department places an order with all known information. Marketing department will be able to respond to the customer demand. It will enable to communicate with suppliers in order to fulfill customers demand. This kind of information shared among various supply partners will promote integra tion in the whole system. This will promote standardization among suppliers and will lead to improvement in the overall supply chain management system. Procurement Company should consider bulk shipments, through this supplier will reduce the transportation cost on imported raw materials and one will be able to receive more credit by suppliers. This can be done only through implementing effective information technology systems, so that the communication gap between different plants can be reduced. This should not

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

Case Study Example The vice president’s management style is autocratic, a management approach in which the manager makes decisions without involving the subjects and convey the decision for implementation. The case identifies this management approach as the vice president made a decision based on the market environment and did not consider other parties’ opinions into the decision (PM4DEV 107). Integrity is the perceived ethical issue in the case. It defines breach of ethics and Fr. George identifies this. Phil understands that purchase for the extended warranty is not justified but he dishonestly convinces customers to buy it, action that contravenes integrity ethics (Boone and Kurtz 40). Phil should be more adept in predicting customers’ probability of purchasing the extended warranty because this will help in focusing on potential buyers and therefore increase his time efficiency and sales volume. Comments by Dr. Smith do not change Phil’s thinking about his job because they reflect reality of the job with which Phil is familiar. Phil has been able to identify the type of customers who do not purchase the extended warranty and could easily determine Smith’s position without the doctor’s

The implications of the Euro-Zone Crisis and Its Impact on India Essay

The implications of the Euro-Zone Crisis and Its Impact on India Economy - Essay Example India is not part of the Euro-zone but it is a recipient of the crisis as the zone forms its larger market in Europe. We shall look more on the Euro-zone crisis; its genesis, forces behind it and the measures taken to deliver it from total breakdown. We shall also be seeking to understand India’s economy and the economic imbalanced it can be if its market is understood. Lastly we shall conclude with the long term effects of the global economy in India. The Euro-zone is a union composed of 18 member countries that use Euro as a common currency. The countries in the Euro zone compose of Netherlands, Slovakia, Italy, Latvia, Ireland, Luxembourg, France, Finland, Germany, Cyprus, Estonia, Austria, Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, Greece, Malta and Portugal, (EU publication office 2009, 23). The euro zone is under European central bank that is governed by a president. It also has a board that oversees the working of the bank. The bank is mandated to see that inflation is put under control. There is also the euro group that makes decisions regarding the politics of the union and the euro (Gupta & Gupta 2010, 42). In the late 2000, there was a financial crisis and the Euro group acted by establishing provisions that would allow the group to give emergency loans to member countries in return for endorsement of economic reforms. These helped the member countries to get onto their feet from the high-unanticipated inflation that had taken centre stage in the many countries (Singh 1997, 82). Many countries member of the Euro zone do not use the Euro currency as the main currency in their countries but use it to do business in the Euro zone and European Union at large. There are other countries that are part of the European Union but do not fall under the Euro zone. These countries include; Andorra, San Marino and Vatican City. They use Euro as their currency (European communities 2004, 94) A number of factors caused the Euro zone crisis. These included

Challenges for UN Peacekeeping in South Sudan

Challenges for UN Peacekeeping in South Sudan The challenges faced by AU and UN Peacekeeping operation in addressing the Security Dilemma in South Sudan Central African Republic. (A case study of Somalia and Sudan). Introduction Since the emergence of human history warfare has been a worldwide social process, which has led to the evolution of the social role of soldiers and military institutions. Therefore peacekeeping is regarded as the contemporary cordial process institutionalised as an essential mission after the cold war. Despite been treated as a new mission emerging in the early 1990s United Nations peacekeeping has been in existence over half a century ago and its aim was to use military existence as a means of achieving practical goals (James, 1997). Over the past five decades the issue of international peace and security has dominated the international political system. The uncertain and ambiguous development in international relation has continuously revealed the need to promote the partnership in international peacekeeping. In this respect the united nation has spent decades improving its capacity to deal with international peace and security threats effectively and consistently (Seagal and Seagal, 1993). The awareness that OAU (Organisation of African Unity) failed to provide better life for the African people and in many instances fail to offer basic protection for several countries, which led to its replacement by the AU (African Union) in 2001. The new organisation aimed to address the various injustices being carried out by some of the member states against their citizens. The Aus underlying am was to promote democratic principle institution, good governance and popular participation as well as the promotion of human rights peace, stability and security (Reynold, 2002). The African union has established various bodies, protocols, institutions and mechanism. It is mainly to concentrate on creating architecture of peace and security to fight out the throng of challenges its facing. Through the protocol relating to the establishment of Peace and Security Council 2002 (AU, 2002), mandated the 15 member of the PSC to conduct peacemaking, peace building and peacekeeping. The chairperso n of the Au is guided by the commissioner responsible for peace and security to administer operational support to the PSC and take the necessary steps to prevent, manage and resolve conflicts. Peacekeeping is one of the various activities initiated by the united nation and other international bodies in order to maintain international peace and security worldwide. According to Frank (1997) peacekeeping is a mechanism created to maintain peace, however when delicate it might be when the fighting stops they also play a role in implementing the agreement achieve by the peacemakers. Peacekeeping mission have played key roles in settling armed conflicts by manning buffer zones between adverse parties and only use force to protect themselves in situation that are life threatening. Peacekeeping operations are usually in small size units send to areas where peace processes and ceasefire agreement has been administered between adverse parties as well as helping in maintaining the ceasefire agreement as an equitable third party (Paul, 1993). The mission activities vary and are operated by multinational forces formed of peacekeeper mainly from united nation member states or other inte rnational bodies. Problem statement The main aim of this study is to examine the challenges and dilemma faced by AU and UN peacekeepers, therefore I will make use of the crisis in Somalia and Congo to analyse the likely challenges and dilemmas to this phenomenon as well as the propound strategies to making peace keeping intervention more effective in Africa. The study will identify steps and strategies to be taken to cement and bolster peace as it is the major challenge to peacekeeping in Africa. In order for the peacekeeping to be effective hefty and accurate in its operational mandate hefty and accurate arm embargo enforcement, strict cease fire agreement, outlining effective war buffer zones as well as involving the civil society n the peace process (ww.un.org). The African union and united nation has played key roles in negotiating of peace agreements, assisting in cutting down the level of conflicts various regions mainly in Africa. However few of these accords n certain countries failed to take hold in particular countries such as Angola 1993 and Rwanda 1994. Furthermore the current situation in Darfur Sudan, DRC and Somalia have seen lesser positive change, which resulted to serious refugee problem and internally displaced person compounding to more security situation in and around particular conflict areas (Berman and Sam, 2000). It has been predicted that nearly of the countries involved in war in Africa lapse back to war within couple of years due to various challenges. This has therefore indicated that, n order to prevent conflicts re-occurring, the implementation of the peace agreement has to in a sustainable manner. These types of conflicts are known to be infectious and can easily spill over its effect to neighbouring countries unfolding new ones, for examples the war Chad and Central African Republic. On e of the main is that there has been a systematic negligence of the African security situation by the three Western power UK, USA and France after the cold war. This signifies the importance of African nations to properly comprehend the ongoing global reform and try to establish a lasting solution to its conflicts. As the former United Nation secretary general Kofi Annan echoed in his advice that member states have to look for alternative solution of handling conflicts in various regions. Research Question Hence conflicts are most likely to occur; the African Union must start to look for particular mechanism the will help them address and manage conflicts within the continent effectively. The research will therefore aim to answer to answer these particular questions. What are the challenges facing AU and UN PKOs in Africa and how can these challenges be tackled? What type of collective action should the African Union and United Nation take to ensure that national authorities manifestly stick to peace treaties in order to protect the life of the citizens? What are the other non military intervention tactics or strategies that can be use to bring peace and the prevention of civilian lives? Research Objective The purpose of this study is to look into the various mechanisms tactics and strategies that can be use in order to address the peacekeeping security challenges faced by the United Nation or the African Union in South Sudan and Central African Republic. The man objectives of this study are: To identify the challenges confronting UN peacekeeping in Africa, using UN PKO in Somalia and Sudan as a case study. To design strategies and mechanism towards effective UN peacekeeping in Africa. Literature Review In order to understand peacekeeping and the related issues, the study needs to elaborate on the history, legality and the theoretical understanding of conflict resolution and then examine the peacekeeping concept and approaches which gives us a route to address the various challenges face by AU and UN peacekeeping missions. Concept of Conflict Conflict resolution emerge from the 1950s and 1960s during the peak of the cold war, when the conflict between the superpowers and the development of nuclear weapon which threatens humanity. A group of scholars realise the significant of studying conflict as a common phenomenon with related properties despite its occurrence in the field of international relation, domestic politics, industrial relation and community mediation in both civil and international conflicts (Waltz, 2007). Conflict is therefore define as an influential process in which frameworks, behaviours and attitudes are continuously changing and influence one and another. Conflict evolves when two parties come into a disagreement or their relationship becomes oppressive. Theories of conflict resolution Conflict resolution is a broad term, which ensures that the main causes of conflicts are address and resolves. It is referred to the theory of problem solving in order to achieve the desired outcome. The resolution addresses the main causes of the conflict, the changing behaviours and attitude as well as the structures and this will ensure that the attitudes are not hostileÂÂ   behaviours are no longer violent and the structures are not exploitative. Therefore the process entails the awareness of the problems by identifying its nature and applying the relevant resolution methods. Preventive Diplomacy According to (Battit, 2002), the term preventive diplomacy was first used by former UN secretary general Dag Hammarskjold in 1960 and since then the approach have evolve remarkably. It is referred to sprinkler system of intervention predominantly used to reduce and prevent violence. The main purpose of preventive diplomacy is to prevent arm conflicts from happening and it include actions such as mediation, adjudication, conciliation, facilitation and arbitration were conflict vast (Muggah and White, 2003). It is a scope used to forecast and hinder conflicts and therefore grasp the early warning surveillance and preventive deployment of forces. The gathering of information, negotiations and fact finding are the basis of preventive diplomacy. The concept of peacekeeping Peacekeeping has been define by Un as an operation which comprises of military personnel without enforcement powers created by united nation to help restore and maintain international peace and security in conflict affect area (United Nation, 1985). Peacekeeping is used to encompass a huge range of mission which includes peace building and diplomatic peacemaking components. The key function of peacekeeping is to facilitate the transition from conflict situation to state of peace (James, 1990).ÂÂ   According to Ratner, (1996) that peacekeepers need to maintain compliance of the host state and the other parties involve in the dispute to act impartially and act in a non violent manner Challenges to peacekeeping After various successful united nation peacekeeping operations such as the likes of UNAVEM, UNIMOZ and UNEF, most of the missions in Africa fail to be a success especially in Somalia. The challenges that hinder the effectiveness of AU and UN peacekeeping n Africa are not uncommon in the continent. The study will therefore analyse these challenges and offer solution that may bolster the capacity to manage future operations in Africa (Gockerham, 1995). The study will offer various strategies to help understand the sensitivity of the people cooperation and commitment of the warring factions. These strategies include rapid deployment, robust operational mandates, acquiring of troops from develop countries, effective arm embargo enforcement, adequate funding and logistic and the involvement of the civil society in the peace process. Research Design The research will use an empirical approach with the use of case studies of various peace keeping missions as well the behaviour governments and the international community. The study acknowledges that the AU and UN peacekeeping in Africa s afflicted with various challenges. Therefore the research will be design base on the case studies of previous peacekeeping operation in Somalia and Sudan. Research Method The instruments that will b use for data collection will be book, journals, magazines, the internet and newspapers. Electronic media, published and unpublished materials from libraries will also be used in collecting data. Additionally the study will aim to offer strategies and mechanisms that can be use to overcome the various challenges facing AU and UN Peace keepers in Africa to ensure that peacekeeping operations are successful and lead to continuous peace in Africa. Validity/Limitation The approach of case study holds an uncertain place in the study of social science as the main criticism is based on its generalisability (Reinharz, 1992). According to Punch (1998) the properly conducted case studies, especially in situation where our knowledge is not deep, limited or non existence has a valuable contribution to make as an in-depth case study will provide the understanding of a significant aspect of a new and diligently research area. RESEARCH TIMETABLE April: Draft of the analysis chapters. May: Draft of the theory chapter; implications and conclusions. June: Revise first three chapters; Rationale, Literature Review, Research Methods and Design. July: Revise Data Analysis and Theory chapters. Revise for final submission. References: African Union in a Nutshell, African Union, 2007, http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/ AboutAu/au_in_a_nutshell_en.htm, accessed 8 February 2007. Babbitt, E. F. (2012). Preventive diplomacy by intergovernmental organisations: Learning from practice. International Negotiation, 17, 349-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341236 James, L. R. and M. D. McIntyre. 1996. Perceptions of Organizational Climate. In Individual Differences and Behavior in Organizations, edited by K.R. Murphy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Muggah, R., White, N. (2013). Is there a preventive action renaissance? The policy and practice of preventive diplomacy and conflict prevention. NOREF. Retrieved from: http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/00175abccdb1df5f006c8 e4. Paul Reynolds, African Union Replaces Dictators Club, BBC News, 8 July 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm, accessed 8 February 2007.0da206643.pdf. Punch, K. (2000) Developing Effective Research Proposals, London, California, New Delhi : Sage. Reinharz, S. (1992) Feminist Methods in Social Research, New York : Oxford University Press. Segal, David R. and Mady Wechesler Segal. 1993a. Peacekeepers and Their Wives: American Participation in the Multinational Force and Observers. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. United Nations, The Blue Helmets, 1985, p. 3.

The Impact of the Internet on Society Essay -- Technology Sociology

The Impact of the Internet on Society The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in people's homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of Defense's communications systems. Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was developed to allow disparate devices to work together. The original network has long since been upgraded and expanded and TCP/IP is now a "de facto" standard. Millions of people worldwide are using the Internet to share information, make new associations and communicate. Individuals and businesses, from students and journalists, to consultants, programmers and corporate giants are all harnessing the power of the Internet. For many businesses the Internet is becoming integral to their operations. Imagine the ability to send and receive data: messages, notes, letters, documents, pictures, video, sound- just about any form of communication, as effortlessly as making a phone call. It is easy to understand why the Internet is rapidly becoming the corporate communications medium. Using the mouse on your computer, the familiar point-and-click functionality gives you access to electronic mail for sending and receiving data, and file transfer for copying files from one computer to another. Telnet services allow you to establish connections with systems on the other side of the world as if they were just next door. This flood of information is a beautiful thing and it can only open the minds of society. With the explosion of the World Wide Web, anyone could publish his or her ideas to the world. Before, in order to be heard one would have to go through publishers who were willing to invest in his ideas to get something put into print. With the advent of the Internet, anyone who has something to say can be heard by the world. By letting everyone speak their mind, this opens up all new ways of thinking to anyone who is willing to ... ...ia Internet." †¢ Libicky Martin. Sept.1997. Physics Today. "Information Warfare: A brief guide to defense Preparedness." †¢ Chidley Joe- Caragata Warren. May 1995. Maclean ¡Ã‚ ¦s. "Crime in Cybercity." †¢ Ricci Steven. Oct.1998. Professional counselor. "A Tangled Web." †¢ Belsie Laurent. Jul.1994. Christian Science Monitor. "The Dark Side of Cyberspace." †¢ Hayes Brian. Sept./Oct.1994. American scientist. "The world Wide Web" †¢ Elias Marilyn- Weise Elizabeth. Apr.1998. "Digital Drug." †¢ Birkerts Sven. Jul.1997. National Review. "The Net and the Self." †¢ Rogers Adams. Aug.1998. Newsweek. "Good Medicine on the Web." †¢ Mannix Margaret. Jun.1997. U.S. News & World Report. "Exposed Online." †¢ Levy Steven. Jul.1997. Newsweek. "On the Net, Anything Goes." †¢ Hellwege Jean. Jun.1997. Trial. "Privacy on the Internet." †¢ Laver Ross.Sept.1998. Maclean ¡Ã‚ ¦s. "The Sadness of Cyberspace." †¢ McAllester Matthew. Sept.1998. Newsday. "Identity Crisis." Websites †¢ http://www.privacy.org †¢ http://www.epic.org †¢ http://www.cnil.fr †¢ http://www2.echo.lu:legal/en/dataport/directiv/directiv.html †¢ http://www.usq.edu/au/dec The Impact of the Internet on Society Essay -- Technology Sociology The Impact of the Internet on Society The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in people's homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of Defense's communications systems. Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was developed to allow disparate devices to work together. The original network has long since been upgraded and expanded and TCP/IP is now a "de facto" standard. Millions of people worldwide are using the Internet to share information, make new associations and communicate. Individuals and businesses, from students and journalists, to consultants, programmers and corporate giants are all harnessing the power of the Internet. For many businesses the Internet is becoming integral to their operations. Imagine the ability to send and receive data: messages, notes, letters, documents, pictures, video, sound- just about any form of communication, as effortlessly as making a phone call. It is easy to understand why the Internet is rapidly becoming the corporate communications medium. Using the mouse on your computer, the familiar point-and-click functionality gives you access to electronic mail for sending and receiving data, and file transfer for copying files from one computer to another. Telnet services allow you to establish connections with systems on the other side of the world as if they were just next door. This flood of information is a beautiful thing and it can only open the minds of society. With the explosion of the World Wide Web, anyone could publish his or her ideas to the world. Before, in order to be heard one would have to go through publishers who were willing to invest in his ideas to get something put into print. With the advent of the Internet, anyone who has something to say can be heard by the world. By letting everyone speak their mind, this opens up all new ways of thinking to anyone who is willing to ... ...ia Internet." †¢ Libicky Martin. Sept.1997. Physics Today. "Information Warfare: A brief guide to defense Preparedness." †¢ Chidley Joe- Caragata Warren. May 1995. Maclean ¡Ã‚ ¦s. "Crime in Cybercity." †¢ Ricci Steven. Oct.1998. Professional counselor. "A Tangled Web." †¢ Belsie Laurent. Jul.1994. Christian Science Monitor. "The Dark Side of Cyberspace." †¢ Hayes Brian. Sept./Oct.1994. American scientist. "The world Wide Web" †¢ Elias Marilyn- Weise Elizabeth. Apr.1998. "Digital Drug." †¢ Birkerts Sven. Jul.1997. National Review. "The Net and the Self." †¢ Rogers Adams. Aug.1998. Newsweek. "Good Medicine on the Web." †¢ Mannix Margaret. Jun.1997. U.S. News & World Report. "Exposed Online." †¢ Levy Steven. Jul.1997. Newsweek. "On the Net, Anything Goes." †¢ Hellwege Jean. Jun.1997. Trial. "Privacy on the Internet." †¢ Laver Ross.Sept.1998. Maclean ¡Ã‚ ¦s. "The Sadness of Cyberspace." †¢ McAllester Matthew. Sept.1998. Newsday. "Identity Crisis." Websites †¢ http://www.privacy.org †¢ http://www.epic.org †¢ http://www.cnil.fr †¢ http://www2.echo.lu:legal/en/dataport/directiv/directiv.html †¢ http://www.usq.edu/au/dec

A Response on Social Inequality

? A Response on Social Inequality We live in a culturally diverse world. Age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic heritage and race are some of the diverse areas in society that are deemed significant. In spite of all these differences we tend to center ourselves around people who are similar to us; those who share the same biological and physical characteristics, same status and similar lifestyles. Because of this it is our human nature to be ethnocentric towards those who are different from us. This gives rise to discrimination which ultimately leads to social inequality. There are many areas in which people discriminate others. One of the most prominent ones is race; since it is easy to identify. Race is related to the distinct biological characteristics of  a person; skin color, hair color, eye shape, height ect. We can easily differentiate an African American from a white American. Another similar area to race is the ethnicity of a person. Ethnicity is the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition. For example some commonly recognized American ethnic groups include American Indians, Latinos, Chinese, African Americans, European Americans, etc. Discrimination and social inequality on the base of race and ethnicity go hand in hand and is seen all over the world. In the article â€Å"office work and the crack alternative† Philippe Bourgois shows how a group Puerto Rican immigrants in New Harlem face discrimination because of their race. They are deprived of jobs at work places and are stereotyped as lazy and good for nothing. Sex and gender is also another area where social inequality occurs. Gender is the state of being male or female etc. and sex is the category into which humans are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions. We see social inequality on sex and gender in almost all work places where the male usually gets better jobs and a better pay than females and we also see this social inequality in families where the male is the head of the family and holds an authoritative figure. This is mostly due to gender stereotypes. Some common gender stereotypes are that men are stronger, tougher, braver, and more intelligent thus he is given the authoritative role. Women on the other hand are stereotyped as more emotional, sensitive and soft spoken, and nurturing thus she is in charge of taking care of the household duties such as cooking, cleaning, raising the children. In Asian countries it is common to see the male as the â€Å"higher† gender while the woman is seen as lower than them. Caste and class is another area where you see social inequality based on discrimination. Caste is an economic categorization describing the status you are born into. Caste is an ascribed status; you have to stay in your caste from birth on, and it helps determine your job, place and value in society etc. Class is based on economic status; usually upon the income made. While people tend to stay in the class they are brought up in, it is possible to move up or down the class scale therefore it is an achieved status unlike in caste. These categorizations may reflect the attitudes of the people because it shows the importance people place on power and wealth in a society. In India the high castes are the Brahmins’. They inherit exclusive privileges from birth and are socially distinct while lower castes are deprived of their basic rights and are usually discriminated by the higher castes. In our present society we can see that people give more respect to those who are at a higher class than themselves; especially based on how much they earn. Social Inequality is seen in other areas of society too but it is more prevalent within the areas of race and ethnicity, sex and gender, and class and caste. Social inequality can only end if we become less ethnocentric towards those who are different from us and if we accept the social diversity in our world.

How Similes Work

How Similes Work A simile is a direct comparison of two different and often unrelated objects. Similes  are useful for making creative writing come to life. Common similes include run like the wind, busy as a bee, or as happy as a clam. Before looking at any examples, you should try a little brainstorming exercise. First, jot down a list of characteristics of the subject youre writing about. For example, is it noisy, dense, or annoying? Once you have a shortlist completed, look over those characteristics and try to imagine an unrelated object that shares those characteristics. This list of similes will help you come up with your own examples. Similes That Include the Word Like Many similes are easy to identify because they include the word like. The cat slipped through the crack like liquid.The delicious smell meandered through the house like a stream.That bed was like a pile of rocks.My heart is racing like a frightened rabbit.The fire alarm was like a screaming baby.Watching that movie was like watching paint dry.The winter air was like a cold razor.The hotel was like a castle.My brain was like a sun-baked brick during the exam.I shook like a rattlesnakes tail.Being grounded is like living in an empty desert.The alarm was like a doorbell in my head.My feet were like frozen turkeys.His breath was like a fog from a haunted bog. As-As Similes Some similes use the word as to compare two objects.   That kid can run as fast as a cheetah.Hes as cute as a frogs dimple.This sauce is as hot as the sun.My tongue is as dry as burnt toast.Your face is as red as hot coals.His feet were as big as a tree.The air was as cold as the inside of a freezer.These bed sheets are as scratchy as sandpaper.The sky is as dark as ink.I was as cold as a snowman.Im as hungry as a bear in springtime.That dog is as messy as a tornado.My sister is as shy as a newborn fawn.His words were as soft as snowflakes on a leaf. Similes can add a creative flourish to your paper, but they can be tricky to get right. And remember:  similes are great for creative essays, but not really appropriate for academic papers.

The Prefix Hypo and Related Words

The Prefix Hypo and Related Words The Prefix Hypo and Related Words The Prefix Hypo and Related Words By Mark Nichol A recent post listed and defined words with the Greek prefix hyper (meaning â€Å"above,† â€Å"beyond,† or â€Å"over†). Here, words based on its antonym, hypo-, are the focus. The most common words beginning with hypo include hypodermic (literally, â€Å"under skin†), an adjective describing injection under the skin or tissue or growths beneath the skin (the word is also employed as a noun, and hypo is a common truncation), and hypothermia (â€Å"under heat†), the term for abnormally low body temperature. Other medical conditions include hypoglycemia (â€Å"under sugar blood†)- colloquially known as â€Å"low blood sugar†- and hypochondria (â€Å"under cartilage†), mental depression in which the sufferer imagines physical ailments, so named from the original belief that such feelings originated in the abdominal organs; the term for the pathological state is hypochondriasis. Hypochondriac is both an adjective describing the condition and a noun pertaining to the sufferer. Hypoallergenic means â€Å"unlikely to cause an allergic reaction,† and the hypothalamus is a key part of the brain that regulates automatic processes in the body. Oxygen deficiency is called hypoxia, and hypomania is a mild mania associated with bipolar disorder. (The respective adjectives are hypoxic and hypomanic.) Other well-known words in the hypo family are hypocrisy (â€Å"under decide†), which evolved in meaning in Greek from â€Å"sift† to â€Å"play a part† and now describes actions or attitudes that contradict one’s stated beliefs or opinions, and hypothesis (â€Å"under proposition†), which denotes something assumed and taken for granted for the sake of argument; the plural is hypotheses. One who demonstrates hypocrisy is deemed hypocritical and called a hypocrite. The adjectival form for hypothesis is hypothetical, and the verb form is hypothesize. A hypotenuse is the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle. (The root word is the basis of tension and tenuous.) More obscure terms in this group include hypocorism (â€Å"under caress†), meaning â€Å"pet name,† as in a diminutive like Bobby, a term of endearment such as honey, or baby-talk forms of address such as papa; such words are hypocoristic. One who lives underground is hypogean (the antonym is epigean), and a hypocaust is a chamber for lighting a fire to heat rooms located above. (The root is the same as that seen in holocaust.) A disguised relation is hyphen- literally, â€Å"under one,† because the mark was originally located beneath the words to be connected. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesAppropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt

Oral History Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Oral History Project - Essay Example So Tucker grabbed this big tall girl with a dark complexion while the shorter blonde-haired girl grabbed Chic by the arm and they started walking. Unbelievably, what was in Chic's mind at the time was economics. "Gee, the price had gone upwe used to pay only 20 bucksmust be all those Army officers and staff who paid a higher price" As these thoughts went around Chic's head, the girl's voice hit him in the gut: "You sure you got the moneyyou got any money" As his stomach turned, he thought of a way to stay clean and get out of this situation. "Just a minute, I'll go get a cab!" Asking the girl to wait, Chic rounded the corner and just kept on walking all the way to the Red Cross office where he knew Tucker would go to get what they called "prophylactic things" they had to use to avoid getting sick with VD. Sure enough, a few minutes after Chic sat at the Red Cross lounge, Tucker came running upstairs. Chic really razzed him, "I pulled one on you, Tucker. I stayed clean!" Their stay in England was not all rest as they continued training and practicing their jumps. Twice, they were about to fly out but, twice, their mission was cancelled. The reason, Chic found out, was General Patton whose tanks were overrunning German positions so fast that there was no need for the paratroopers to be dropped behind enemy lines. Chic and the troops were not complaining because they enjoyed eating oranges and turkey and good food, "being fattened for the kill" so they said. And then Patton hit a dead end as the Germans found a way to stop his tanks close to the border of Belgium and Holland. Paratroopers were needed to drop behind the enemy lines and open a 75-mile highway for Patton's tanks to pass through (The War). Chic still remembers the day they flew out of England. It was a bright and cloudy Sunday, September 17, 1994, when their plane took off as part of what they called the First Allied Airborne Army. Their mission was to land inside enemy territory, attacking the Germans from behind. Aside from the 506th, the 502nd where George was, and the 501st, there were also brigades of British and Polish paratroopers. There were three different landing points, so to decide who gets which, the commanders just flipped coins after a long argument. Chic and the 506th got Eindhoven in Holland, which was closest to the Germans and which they thought was the worst place to be while the British got the farthest point up north in the upper part of Holland (Ambrose). There was a German police dog with Chic and the troops in the plane. The dog was their mascot and had its own parachute, and all throughout the flight, the dog kept on going towards the plane's door until it heard the flack from German anti-aircraft guns exploding around the plane. The dog backed up because the sound of exploding flack is like a dog's bark, "Woof!" Just before he jumped, Chic looked out of the plane and could clearly see everything below: the huge bomb craters along the forest floor, rows of P-38 Lighting fighter planes flying all over to give them air cover during the jump, and even some Germans coming out of the church with their girlfriends. When the Germans saw the planes, they started firing their rifles. That was the time Chic was told to jump, so he threw the dog whose chute popped open automatically ahead of him. Chic wanted to take a picture of the dog landing on the

External and Internal Environmental Analysis on Medtronic's Essay

External and Internal Environmental Analysis on Medtronic's - Essay Example External Environment The Health Care Environment The most important external environmental factor for Medtronic is government regulation. It is mandatory to comply with their regulations, and the government is involved in setting the quality standards and liability laws. The government in the US has increasingly become involved in health care since the creation of Medicaid and Medicaid in the 60s (Medtronic, 2013). Their implementation started a trend of increased medical spending with Medicare expanding the reimbursement for cardiac defibrillators. This has caused the system to move to a strategy of predict and manage from one of diagnose and treat under initiatives for health care expenditure control. Fortunately for the organization, there seems to have been little accomplishment with chronic diseases like diabetes and obesity increasing, whereas an aging population has ensured that there is a steady demand for their products like defibrillators and vascular tents, which Medtronic and their competitors manufacture (Medtronic, 2 013). Because of the government’s immense power, there is an active attempt to influence it with the American Medical Association having been the most powerful, although this is no longer the case (Medtronic, 2013). The entire health care system has come to be defined by special interests. The government also heavily regulates facility providers with some of Medtronic’s competitors closing down due to decreased profits. Because of this, health care facility organizations have been lobbying for improved reimbursement, as well as reimbursement of new research protocols and technology. Medtronic stands to benefit from both of them. In addition, Medtronic is also affected by accrediting bodies. They may have the ability to add facility management value through facilitation and demonstration of quality improvement (Medtronic, 2013). Managed care organizations and 3rd party payer organizations also have lobbying groups that all seek to lower prices offered by Medtronic. Internal S trengths and Weaknesses The greatest strength that Medtronic has historically possessed is strong leadership. The current CEO has been at the organization for 20 years with the average tenure of board members being ten years (The Associated Press, 2013). Medtronic has used this core of committed leaders to sustain industry leadership as the organization has navigated the ever-changing technological world, coupled to constrained health care budgets. Underlying strength for the company is a futuristic business plan that has been born out of a well-established and strong team of leaders. In addition, the company has accomplished the task through other strengths like disciplined approaches to marketing, as well as R&D. Through maintenance of a keen awareness of trends in healthcare and biotechnology, the company has capitalized on R&D from smaller firms via mergers and acquisitions. The company has also been able to establish a recognized brand name, which is essential since health prov iders normally utilize

Theories of Conflict Resolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories of Conflict Resolution - Assignment Example When it comes to conflict resolution, the NGOs and IGOs have access to territories and theories that enable them to participate in eliminating and mitigating conflict. The conflict theories and intervention strategies used by NGOs and IGOs have significantly influenced world politics; thus resulting in negative implications in conflict resolution. There are several theories that attempt to explain the causes of conflict in the society. These theories include the fundamentalist theory, the conflict theory and symbolic interaction theory. Each of these theories has their assumptions and ideologies regarding the cause of conflict in the society. For example, the conflict theory argues that conflict is as a result of a need in the society. Resultantly, individuals or groups in the society spur conflict so that the other party can meet their needs. This theory is different from the functionalist theory in that it acknowledges the societal change. Therefore, conflict is not undesirable but a necessary factor for change (Shepard 2012). Arguably, the functionalist theory assumes societies are complex and at the same time organized. According to the Functionalist theory, conflict arises when certain elements do not make a positive contribution to the society. (Shepard 2012). For example, if there are bureaucratic rules in the society that inhibit justice. Supporters of this theory argue that once the dysfunction is dealt with, the society often resumes to its original structure (Shepard 2012). The three theories are integral in examining how intergroup dysfunction can contribute to the emergence of conflict. Through the efforts of psychology, we are also able to comprehend how individual cognitive processes can contribute to the onset of a conflict, thus facilitating the adoption of effective conflict resolution strategies. The International Community uses

Toyota Management Planning Essay Example for Free

Toyota Management Planning Essay In order to keep an organization flowing and to achieve the goals that are set-forth the management teams have to continually watch their planning processes. To make sure that nothing is missed in any of the steps the planning teams such as change management taking charge to monitor the growth is able to happen. For Toyota there have been some large changes going on over the past few years with the difficulties from the over-seas suppliers due to the tsunami then in the auto world there is always troubles that lie ahead with design changes and technology changes. Although the company in whole is not performing all that poorly with such difficult times they have had along with all the struggles the other automakers have had in the market. Upon research for the Toyota Motor Company you will find that they are the largest automaker in the world followed by General Motors. Recently Toyota had made a very bold move on their planning side to be able to stay the largest automaker in the world. On March 6th 2013 the company appointed non-Japanese Executive to lead three out of its four global regions. It also appointed three outside members to its board of directors, including longtime former General Motors executive Mark Hogan (Snavely, 2013). This is the strategic and also tactical form of planning the short term being able to make the vehicles more intriguing along with making sure that Toyota stays in the eyes of the American consumers. Foreign auto makers tend to do this no matter where they come from because no matter what their mother-ship is in a different country not realizing what the true difference in design and passion is. Planning for growth such as theirs with long term customer retention is not always easily to be done with the poor quality from large and important recalls here in the United States. * Legal issues can stem from anything in the auto world, anything from large safety recalls to buy backs caused by not having parts in stock or taking too long to get from the supplier. The largest influence of the legal issues are the recalls in parts greatly increased if Toyota claims it to be a safety issue such as the breaks going out, or the Prius not shutting down and driving out of control. When the planning team starts to build ways to fix their issues it needs to be the fast way possible so that customers feel safe with what they have implemented to correct the issues. So when they find an issue with a vehicle tactically they need to develop the fix, then plan for what parts are needed ordered to ensure that the cars can be fixed when you tell the owners. * This is ethically important to the business knowing that there is a problem with the vehicles and it is still safe you are not setting up for angry customers. You have informed them that you have located the issue figured out the fix and also have everything ready for you when you come in for the repair, not sweeping it under the rug and hiding it. In order to make things flow together and showing everyone that Toyota works on being the top employer in the United States in order to do this they need to show the commitment on doing the right thing for the employees in the plants or parts distributions channels. Making everyone aware that Toyota’s management is working on fixing its past and will be a new richer company in no time as long as customers remove the old pasts they will be able to hit the next level. * Socially as the auto company works on the growth they have setup for you will always see more and more of what they have done and what they plan to do for you in the future as they grow. Seeing them display their new developments such as starting off with the original Prius then hearing what the consumers said they added the next line of Prius C smaller, Prius V larger and the plug in Prius. By hearing socially what the customers need and want management heard this used it to develop the next line of models. Social networking is a way to press conference to the customers or a fan so that they know and can hear what the management has planned; every business uses these forms to get across to the customers. Toyota in the United States has a hard win for getting new customers in the door. Their design of the vehicles is a little too Japanese for the American buyers. Over the next few years the new designs will need to be marketed to bring the new customers in the doors. Strategically they have changed a lot inside the walls of the business to make sure that it can sustain the goals set forth. Toyota has condensed its businesses into four main units, creating a structure that the company said should clarify operations and earnings responsibility as well as speed up decision-making. (Takahasha, 2013). All the movements that have been made were all done to make sure that the goals will be achieved in the time line that they have tasked themselves with. As we think on the directions that business are going you will realize that every aspect of the business Toyota has to be revamped in order to setup for their goals of not being so old fashioned in design. The largest factors for implementing these changes in the poor turn around on issues such as recalls from 2009-2010, this has halted their growth in continuing to be benchmark in the auto world. New managers to make quick and fast acting decisions in if the most important thing for Toyota to make the customers see when something is happening to the business. This also goes back to the social side of things, customers notice a flaw then it will be plastered for all social networks to be able to be seen by all. Proving the quality has changed with the new management and them being transparent so that a management should do is see them implementing their changes. Resources: Snavely, B. (2013). USA Today. Retrieved from http://www. usatoday. com/story/money/cars/2013/03/26/toyota-management-changes-bob-carter/2021639/ Takahasha, Y. (2013). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424127887323628804578343552255704028. html.

The Business Organisation And Environment Of Devices Information Technology Essay

The Business Organisation And Environment Of Devices Information Technology Essay Internet is one of the best communicating and information device that created by human it is used in a global scale for faster communication research in data and also online business, there are many type of companies around the world provides the telecommunication service. As regarding the information above our group has selected a company which is currently the leading telecommunication company in Malaysia that is called Telekom Malaysia berhad which owns a capitalization over RM11 billion and total work force of around 24,000. Before moving on to the points that we researched which are related to the company we would like to explain the history and achievement of the company with the information we gathered. The history of the Telekom Malaysia Berhad . The company was established in the year 1946, developed rapidly from the year 1995 where internet was first internet age began in Malaysia. According to the Malaysian internet survey which was conducted by Mimos and beta interactive services on 1995 one out of every thousand Malaysian had excess to the internet. As the company develop step by step with the partnership with the national building it helped the Malaysia country and the company itself with the latest technology and transform its network infrastructure from analog to digital and now moving on towards an IP base. Moving on towards the points that we choose and found the information related to the company is business organization and its environment, individual at work and lastly organization structure of Telekom Malaysia Berhad. Business Organisation and Environment As every Malaysian knows, Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) is currently a leading telecommunication company in Malaysia which provides internet services, voice services and also entertainment services for each of everyone of Malaysia. TM Company obtains the success today due to the outstanding leadership of the CEO. TM Companys aim is to become Malaysias top leading of new generation communications provider and to fulfill customers needs by their cutting-edge technology and excellence performance. The reason that pushes TM Company to the peak is because that the vision and mission of the company is clear and distinct, which gives their worker a general idea of what is the purpose of working there. Despite that, various types of problems from both internal and external environment still arise in the TM Company which affects the performance of the company. Malaysia is famous for its multicultural races, no doubt inside TM Company also a multicultural organization. Personalities and behaviors of workers in the organization are crucial to the company because they are the one who keep the companys profile high. For sure there are tons of types of personality and behavior inside the organization; therefore it is necessary to maintain the order of it. Human resources policies and legislation had been enacted for this purpose. Example such as Employment Act 1955, among the content, it is prohibited for women to work at around ten oclock in the night and five oclock in the morning, and also women are not allowed for underground working. Furthermore, TM Company also provides training for the new employees to be developed into various levels of staff for the company and also its subsidiaries in their own TM Training Centre. In every field of business, competitors are unavoidable. Same goes to TM Company, other company like Maxis, Digi, P1 W1max, Izzi and others are improving from time to time, which gives TM Company the pressure to upgrade them furthermore. At first, these types of companies had only made a slight impact on TM, but as business industries are affected by the globalization later on in 1990s, the competitive forces increases and forces TM to change its organization in order to cope with it. TM had no other ways but to re-organize their organization that majorly focus in improving and enhancing their productivity in order to keep surviving in the telecommunication industry with these much of competitors. Other than that, knowledge management also affects TM Companys performance and organization. The business today has moved into a rapid-changing and knowledge-based environment compare to the time before. Thus, many believes that running the business based on knowledge is crucial to the organization in order to survive. For TM Company, changing the organization style is keeping their performances remain outstanding among their competitors in telecommunication field. Leaders in TM Company use knowledge management method to keep the organization in shapes and in conjunction with that, they can fully utilize the intellectual capital. This enables the intellectual capital to grow from the aspects of skills, attitude and behavior of employees thus increasing the overall performance. Organisation structure TM Company is a big company in Malaysia. Therefore, TM company has its own unique structure and system which in bureaucracy style. Diagram 1.1 : structure of TM company Six key elements such as work specialisation, departmentlisation, chain of command, span of control ,centralisation and decentralisation and formalisation are used in designing the structure. According to the diagram above, work specialisation do exist in TM Company. For example, there are some workers who are specialised in certain tasks. Workers like technicians will repair all the systems and infrastructures of company. When lot of the specialist work together in an environment, it will form a department to perform certain similar tasks, which is a form of departmenlisation. Another element is span of control. From Diagram 1.1, span of control of each layer can be seen easily. For example, the board of directors got narrow span of control because under him there is only one subordinate, which is the chief executive officer. On the other hand, the chief executive officer got a wider span of control compare to the previous one. Under the CEO is another layer which consists of differ ent department managers and a wider span. This sequence is continued until the lowest layer of the structure.So, the chain of command will pass from the higher layer to lower layer for delegation of jobs. When all the information are gathered or jobs are completed, the final decision and approval will make by the board of directors.That call centralisation.Under some specific situation, decentralisation are used. Board of directors will pass the authority of making decision to lower layer to handle the project.Rules made by the company are call formalisation, that need all workers follow it when they are joined the company. From these elements, a tall structure can seen. Diagram 1.2 shows that a tall structure and the span of control of TM Company Beside that, there are some determinants of organisation structure such as technology, environment and strategies issues. Nowadays, technology are improved rapidly and it is a key success factor for TM Company.Technological advancement can lead TM Company competitive with other firms. In Malaysia, 2 types of telecommunication technologies, wired and wireless are applied. In field of wired internet, data communication technology like Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) being ultilizing via connection of copper lines to households.Therefore, TM company is controls the virtual DSL market.In other side, High-Speed Broadband(HSBB) are invented by TM Company using the Fiber-to-the-home ( FTTH) technology to enhance the wireless internet connection. In this modern era, a huge population of office workers are using internet to do research for their tasks. So, broadband penetration in Malaysia is getting bigger due to citizens are shifting towards knowledge-based nation. Another fact is broadband can carry easily to anywhere. Due to limitation of quota in broadband, those worker rather use wired internet connection in their home and workplaces. The demand of internet is become greater and it is a chance for TM Company to lead the market.The branches of TM, TMnet Streamyx is major choices of workes choose for internet connection.Workers can choose either using wired or wireless connection, unlike Digi, Celcom and Maxis broadband are running in wireless connection. Individuals at work In what specific ways that an individual influences an organization There are three important leadership skills that an individual should have to be able to climb up to the management position. For example, goal settings, attitude and procedure management. According to (Maryellen Gibsons blog ) a manager that has a positive attitude will effect an entire team or company in an encouraging manner and a manager which has a negative attitude will affect the organization in a not so optimistic manner. Other than this, procedure management will help an organization to stay orderly and organized. For example, when there is a new project or task to be done, theres no need to make a whole new procedure just for that project. With proper procedure management an organization can save precious time and become more efficient. Lastly, the third leadership skill is to have a goal setting. A manager which has a clear mind set for his or her company is great for benefiting their company or organization because if there is a project the manager and his company will be able to know the result of the project. A really effective manager will need to let his team contribute to the success of the project so they have ownership in the final result. Individuals at TM Net DATO ZAMZAMZAIRANI MOHD ISA is currently the managing director and the group chief executive officer of TM Net. Aged 50, a Malaysian, has been appointed managing director of TM since 25 of April 2008. He holds a Bachelors degree in communication engineering from Plymouth Polytechnic in the United Kingdom. He is very experienced in the telecommunication field. DATUK BAZLAN OSMAN is presently TM Nets executive director and group chief financial officer. Now at age 46, he was appointed the role of executive director of TM since 25 of April 2008. He started of as an auditor with a public accounting firm in 1986 and finally joined the Celcom Axiata Berhad in 2001 as chief financial officer of the company. Now, he also oversees the operations of Global, Wholesale and Support Business. Interview questions Example: If the job is offered to you, how long do you plan to stay in the job position given? (This question is use to test how high the worker is aiming for and from what can be predicted from the workers performance for the company in the future) What is your expected salary range? (This question is to test the workers deservedness to have the expected salary) What do you know about the job position you have enquired for and what duties do you think this job requires you to do. (This question is to test the workers knowledge about the company) What kind of challenges do you think you will encounter in this job position? (This question is to test the workers thoughts on how to overcome a problem if handling with one) What separate this from our competitors? Conclusion Business organization and its environment is how the organization and business of the company affected by both internal and external environment. From time to time, usually the companys organization structure will be changed as the competitors in the same field increase and to avoid problems occur towards the internal environment which will lead the company to a downfall. TM Companys organization structure was reorganized to overcome problems in both internal and external environments and to stabilize the economy of the company. Organization structure can be determined by six key elements which are work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization decentralization, and formalization. Based on all these key elements in organization structure, the leaders in TM Company can manage the organization better and produce a result higher than what are expected. Every individual in the company is crucial to the company, their personality; behavior and every single commitment are keys to success in the future. Each and every individual in the company have their own roles which can be carried out on their own only, thus they should bear the responsibility and to accomplish their duties either as leaders or subordinates. To improve the company status they use the various methods to achieve their specific goal in the business field. (1808 words)

An Analytical Essay Explaining Why Arthur Miller Wrote The Crucible :: Essay on The Crucible

An Analytical Essay Explaining Why Arthur Miller Wrote The Crucible Authors often have underlying reasons for giving their stories certain themes or settings. Arthur Miller’s masterpiece, The Crucible, is a work of art inspired by actual events as a response to political and moral issues. Set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, The Crucible proves to have its roots in events of the 1950’s and 1960’s, such as the activities of the House Un-American Committee and the â€Å"Red Scare.† Though the play provides an accurate account of the Salem witch trials, its real achievement lies in the many important issues of Miller’s time that it dealswith. Throughout The Crucible, Miller is concerned with conscience and guilt. Through the character Abigail Williams, he shows how people are willing to abandon their firmly-established values in order to conform with the majority and protect themselves. Those who refuse to part with their conscience, such as the character of John Proctor, are chastised for it. For this reason, the Salem witch trials raise a question of the administration of justice. During this time in the late 1600’s, people were peroccupied by a fear of the devil, due to their severe Puritan belief system. Nineteen innocent people are hanged on the signature of Deputy Governor Danforth, who has the authority to try, convict, and execute anyone he deems appropriate. However, we as readers sense little to no real malice in Danworth. Rather, ignorance and fear plague him. The mass hysteria brought about by the witchcraft scare in The Crucible leads to the upheaval in people’s differentiation between right and wrong, fogging their sense of true justice. When Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible in the early 1950’s, the United States was experiencing a modern â€Å"witch hunt† of its own. Senator Joseph McCarthy, provoked by the Cold War, became fearfully convinced that Communists, or â€Å"Reds,† were polluting American government. He intended to hunt them out, force them to confess, and make them name their associates, almost as the Salem judges had done. In fact, the character of Danforth is based on McCarthy himself. There is a great parallel between the witch trials and the â€Å"Red Scare.† Both created a frenzy among the public, involved people going against each other to prove their innocence, and sought to hunt out those who rebelled against the dominant values of the time.